Polygamy, particularly the form known as polygyny (where a man has multiple wives), is practiced in some cultures but is considered problematic in many countries due to its social and legal implications. One major concern is gender inequality. Critics argue that polygamy subordinates women, often treating them as property and creating hierarchical relationships among co-wives. This has led global bodies like the United Nations to call for its abolition, claiming it violates women’s dignity.

Additionally, polygamy creates social instability by exacerbating competition for marriageable women. Wealthier men often monopolize multiple wives, leaving poorer men without partners, which can fuel violence, crime, and recruitment into extremist groups. These dynamics can destabilize societies, as seen in countries with high rates of polygyny. Furthermore, in polygamous families, women tend to marry younger, bear more children, and face higher health risks, including maternal mortality. Children in such families also often experience poorer health and lower educational attainment.

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The legality of polygamy varies, with many countries banning the practice. However, it persists due to strong cultural and religious traditions in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East, causing tension with national laws in countries where it is criminalized but still practiced informally.